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PADMAKARA    MULTILINGUAL LEXICON of BUDDHIST TERMINOLOGY

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term

 tibetan

འགྲོ་དྲུག , འགྲོ་ལྔ

'gro ba rigs drug, 'gro drug , 'gro lnga

sanskrit

षद्गति

ṣadgati

chinese

english

six realms, six realms of existence

Six modes of existence caused and dominated by a particular mental poison: the realms of hells (anger), of pretas (miserliness), of animals (bewilderment or ignorance), of humans (desire), of demigods or asuras (jealousy), and of gods (pride). They correspond to deluded perceptions produced by beings' karma and apprehended as real. [TLWF, 2011] One also speaks of five realms ('gro lnga, Skt. pañcagati), counting gods and demigods together as one realm.

Six modes of existence produced by specific karmas and apprehended as real. They are all equal in being merely perceptions of the deluded mind and lacking inherent existence. In ascending order they are the realms of hell, produced by hatred; pretas, brought about by extreme miserliness; of animals, provoked by stupidity; of humans, produced by desire; of asuras, by intense envy; and of gods, due to actions concomitant with pride. [TPQ, 2010]

Six modes of existence caused and dominated by particular mental poisons: the hells (anger), and the realms of the pretas (miserliness), animals (bewilderment or ignorance), humans (desire), asuras (jealousy), and gods (pride). These correspond to deluded perceptions produced by beings’ karma and apprehended as real. [ZT, 2006]

The experience of beings in samsara is traditionally schematized into six general categories, referred to as realms or worlds, in which the mind abides as the result of previous actions or karma. None of these states is satisfactory, though the degree of suffering in them differs from one to another. The three upper or fortunate realms, where suffering is alleviated by temporary pleasures, are the heavens of the mundane gods, the realms of the asuras or demigods, and the world of human beings. The three lower realms, in which suffering predominates over every other experience, are those of the animals, the hungry ghosts, and the hells. [TEPTE, 1996]

Six modes of existence caused and dominated by a particular mental poison: the hells (anger or aversion), the hungry spirits realm (miserliness), animal realm (bewilderment or ignorance), human realm (desire), demigod realm (jealousy), and god realm (pride). These correspond to the deluded perceptions that are produced by beings’ past actions and that are apprehended as real. [NS]


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french

six classes d'êtres, êtres des six mondes, six destinées, classes d'êtres (cinq / six), états d’existence (cinq / six), six formes d'existence, six sphères d'existence, six mondes

six (ou cinq lorsque dieux et anti-dieux sont comptés ensemble) modes d’existence engendrés et dominés par un poison mental particulier : celui des enfers (haine), celui des animaux (stupidité), celui des prétas (avarice), celui des humains (désir), celui des anti-dieux (jalousie) et celui des dieux (orgueil). Ils correspondent à des hallucinations produites par notre karma et que nous prenons pour réelles. [CGP, 1997]

six modes d'existence produits par des karmas spécifiques et considérés comme réels. Ces six destinées sont égales dans la mesure où, simples perceptions de l'esprit fourvoyé, elles n'ont pas un atome de réalité. Il s'agit, en ordre ascendant, des enfers, produits par la haine ; du monde des prétas, produit par l'avarice ; du monde des animaux, produit par la bêtise ; du monde des êtres humains, produit par le désir ; du monde des titans, produit par l'envie ou la jalousie ; et du monde des dieux, produit par l'orgueil. [TDPQ, 2009]

six lieux de renaissance possible dans le samsâra (q.v.) ; six destinées ou formes d’existence correspondant aux six émotions négatives ; six formes d’êtres qui, en fonction de leur karma (q.v.), s’identifient à l’une ou l’autre de ces formes d’existence. Ancienne ou autre traduction : six destinées. [PA, 2008]

portuguese

seis classes de seres, seis reinos, cinco classes de seres, cinco reinos

Seis condições de existência, cada uma delas causada e dominada por um "veneno mental" específico: o reino dos infernos (raiva/cólera), dos pretas (avareza), dos animais (confusão/ignorância), dos seres humanos (desejo), dos asuras (inveja) e dos deuses (orgulho). Todas elas são perceções ilusórias, produzidas pelo karma, que os seres consideram reais. Por vezes consideram cinco reinos ('gro lnga, sscr. pañcagati), em cujo caso os reinos da asura e dos deuses são considerados como um só reino ou, por vezes também, os asuras são incluídos no reino animal.

spanish

seis clases de seres, seis reinos de existencia, cinco clases de seres, cinco reinos de existencia

Seis tipos de existencia causados y dominados por un veneno mental específico: el reino de los infiernos (enfado), el de los pretas (avaricia), el de los animales (ignorancia), el de los humanos (deseo), el de los asuras (envidia) y el de los dioses (orgullo). Corresponden a las percepciones engañadas producidas por el karma de los seres y que se consideran reales. Algunas veces se habla de cinco reinos ('gro lnga, sct. pañcagati) en cuyo caso los dioses y los asuras se consideran como un solo reino.[PMP, 2002]

Los seis reinos de la existencia en los que uno renace, hasta que se alcanza la liberación del saṃsāra. Los tres reinos superiores son el reino de los dioses de larga vida (deva), el reino de los dioses celosos (asura) y el reino humano. Los tres reinos inferiores son el reino animal, el reino de los fantasmas hambrientos (preta) y el reino del infierno.[VI, 2020]

italian

sei regni (dell'esistenza),

Sei condizioni di esistenza, ognuna delle quali è causata e dominata da uno specifico ‘veleno mentale’: il regno degli inferni (odio/collera), dei preta (avarizia), degli animali (confusione/ignoranza), degli umani (desiderio), degli asura (gelosia), e degli déi (orgoglio). Sono tutte altrettante ingannevoli percezioni prodotte dal karma che gli esseri considerano come reali. A volte si considerano cinque regni (’gro lnga, sscr. pañcagati), nel qual caso i regni degli asura e degli dèi vengono considerati come un unico regno.

german

polish

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