paṅcavidyā

five sciences

Cinq sciences

cinco ciências

cinque scienze

cinco ciencias

The five branches of learning that a paṇḍita must master: 1) the making of things (gzo rig gnas, śilpavidyā), 2) the repairing of things (includes medicine; gso ba'i rig gnas, cikitsāvidyā), 3) philology (sgra' rigs gnas, Śabdavidyā), 4) logic (gtan tshigs kyi rig gnas, hetuvidyā) and 5) philosophy (nang don rig gnas, adhyātmavidyā). The five subjects traditionally mastered by a pandita, namely: art and handicrafts, medicine, philology, logic, and philosophy. [LLB, 2002] The five disciplines of which a Buddhist master must have mastery. They are medicine, philology, logic, philosophy, and "arts and crafts." [TPQ, 2010]

abhijñatva, abhijña

Superknowledge

connaissance extraordinaire*, pouvoir extraordinaire

sapiência superior

The higher cognitions are listed as either five or six. The first five are: divine sight, divine hearing, knowing how to manifest miracles, remembering previous lives, knowing what is in the minds of others. A sixth, knowing that all defects have been eliminated, is often added. The first five are attained through concentration (dhyāna), and are sometimes described as worldly, as they can be attained to some extent by non-Buddhist yogis; while the sixth is supramundane and attained only by realization—by bodhisattvas, or according to some accounts only by buddhas.

pañcamārga

five paths

cinq voies*, Voies graduelles (cinq)

cinco caminhos, cinco vias

cinque cammini

cinco caminos

Five successive stages in the path to enlightenment: the paths of accumulating, joining, seeing, meditation, and the path beyond learning. [WOMPT, 1998] [ZT 2006] See Path. [TPQ, 2010] The paths of accumulating, joining, seeing, meditation, and no more learning. [NS] These comprise five different sections of the path to enlightenment, which follow one after the other. [TLWF 2011]

preta

preta, hungry ghost, hungry spirit, famished spirit

esprit avide, esprit famélique, esprit affamé*, préta, preta

fantasma faminto, espírito faminto, preta

preta, spiriti affamati, spiriti avidi, famelici

preta, espíritu hambriento

Famished spirits, one of the six classes of beings in saṃsāra. [TPQ, 2010] Also known as hungry ghost or spirit: a class of beings whose attachment and miserliness in previous lives result in constant hunger and the frustration of their desires. [NLF, 2005] [ZT, 2006] Hungry ghosts, spirits tormented by lack of nourishment. The pretas constitute one of the six classes of beings in samsara. [LLB, 2002] A hungry spirit. A class of beings whose attachment and miserliness in previous lives result in constant hunger and the frustration of their desires.[NS]

Trisong Detsen

Thrisong Detsen

Trisong Detsen, Trisong Deutsen

Trisong Detsen

Trisong Detsen

(790-844). The thirty-eighth king of Tibet, second of the three great religious kings. It was due to his efforts that the great masters came from India and established Buddhism firmly in Tibet. [ZT, 2006] (790-844). Thirty-eighth king of Tibet, second of the three great religious kings, said to be a manifestation of the Bodhisattva Manjushri. [LLB, 2002] 790–844. The second of the three great religious kings of Tibet. It was thanks to his efforts that Guru Padmasambhava and other great masters came from India to establish Buddhism firmly in Tibet.[NS]

vidyādhara

vidyādhara, knowledge holder, awareness holder

détenteur de connaissance*, Vidyadhara

vidyādhara, detentor da cognoscência

Vidyādhara

vidyādhara, sostenedor de la conciencia

"One who through profound means holds the deities, mantras, and the wisdom of great bliss." DICT. In the Nyingmapa Tradition there are four levels of vidyādhara: (i) totally matured (rnam smin), (ii) mastering the duration of his life (tshe dbang), (iii) mahamudra (phyag chen), and (iv) spontaneously accomplished (lhun grub). [WOMPT, 1998] Lit. “knowledge holder”: One who through profound means holds the deities, mantras, and the wisdom of great bliss. [ZT, 2006] [TLWF, 2011][NS] lit. awareness holder or knowledge holder. A being of high attainment in the Vajrayāna. According to the Nyingma tradition, there are four levels of Vidyādhara corresponding to the ten (sometimes eleven) levels of realization of the Sūtrayāna. [WL 2012] They are: (1) the Vidyādhara with corporal residue (rnam smin rig 'dzin); (2) the Vidyādhara with power over life (tshe dbang rig 'dzin); (3) the Mahāmudrā Vidyādhara (phyag chen rig 'dzin); and (4) the Vidyādhara of spontaneous presence (lhun grub rig 'dzin). [TPQ, 2010] Lit., Knowledge-Holder. A being of high spiritual attainment. According to the Nyingma tradition, there are four levels of Vidyadhara, corresponding to the ten levels of realization of the Sutrayana and the state of Buddhahood. They are (1) the Vidyadhara with residues, (2) the Vidyadhara with power over life, (3) the Mahamudra Vidyadhara, (4) the Spontaneous Vidyadhara. [LLB, 2002]

gardha, gṛddhi, saṃniviṣṭa, sakta

craving, attachment; to become attached; to cling to; to fixate/ seize (upon); to cling, to hold or cling tenaciously, to desire, insistence, conviction, clinging 

attachement tenace, obsession, fixation sur, attachement*

fixação, apego, obsessão

vighna

faiseur d'obstacle*

causador de obstáculos

naraka (loka)

hell

damné (des enfers)

inferno; estados infernais; reino dos infernos.

inferni

infierno

One of the six realms, in which one experiences intense suffering. In the hell realm one generally experiences the effects of actions rather than creating new causes. [WOMPT, 1998] One of the six realms, in which one undergoes great suffering, mainly in the form of intense heat or cold. Beings in the hell realm mostly experience the effects of actions rather than creating new causes. [ZT, 2006] One of the six realms, in which beings suffer from hallucinations of intense heat or cold, mainly as a result of violent deeds motivated by hatred.[OMS, 2018]

śāntideva

Śāntideva

Śāntideva, Shântideva

Śāntideva

Śāntideva

Śāntideva

(7th century), the great Indian poet and mahāsiddha, who astounded the monks of his monastery of Nālandā with his famous poem on the practice of bodhicitta, the Bodhicaryāvatāra (spyod 'jug), or The Way of the Bodhisattva. [WOMPT, 1998] (flourished in the first half of the eighth century C.E.) A member of Nālandā University and the celebrated author of the Bodhicaryāvatāra . He upheld the view of the Prāsaṅgika Madhyamaka in the tradition of Candrakīrti. [IMW, 2004] The great 7th century Indian poet and mahasiddha (great accomplished being), author of the famous poem on the practice of bodhichitta, The Way of the Bodhisattva (Bodhicaryāvatāra . [TLWF, 2011][NS] A member of Nālanda university and the celebrated author of the Bodhicaryāvatāra (The Way of the Bodhisattva). He upheld the view of the Prāsaṅgika Madhyamaka in the tradition of Candrakīrti. Śāntideva was also the author of the Śikṣāsamuccaya, a compendium of citations on discipline, which forms a valuable collection of texts that have otherwise been lost. [TPQ, 2010]