śrāmaṇera, śramaṇeraḥ

novice, śrāmaṇera, intermediate ordinee

Novice , shramanera (ssk.)

śrāmaṇera, monge noviço ou monja noviça

novizio

śrāmaṇera, monje novicio o monja novicia

A novice monk holding fewer vows than a fully ordained monk (dge slong, Skt. bhikṣu). [WOMPT, 1998] An intermediate ordination between lay followers who take the four basic vows and fully ordained monks and nuns. Although this level of ordination may serve as a novitiate until the ordinee is ready or old enough to take full ordination, it is incorrect to refer to shramaneras as novices because some shramaneras remain so all their lives without passing to higher ordination. This is the case with most nuns in Tibet, where the lineage for fully ordained nuns has been lost and full female ordination is only possible by taking the bhikshuni vows in another country whose lineage has continued unbroken. [TLWF, 2011][NS] The first stage in the monastic ordination implying the observance of certain precepts. The vows of śrāmaṇera or getsul are sometimes referred to in English as novice vows. This is incorrect. The term "novice" in this context has been mistakenly borrowed from Christian monasticism where it denotes a monk in training prior to profession or the taking of vows. The novitiate is necessarily a temporary condition (usually lasting between one and two years). In Buddhism, by contrast, the śrāmaṇera or getsul ordination embodies a complete monastic grade in itself, and many monks keep this ordination throughout their lives. Moreover, given that the lineage of bhikshuni or gelongma vows has been interrupted (and may never have existed) in Tibet, the vast majority of Tibetan Buddhist nuns are permanent getsulmas. [TPQ, 2010] The first stage in monastic ordination. Shramaneras do not observe all the precepts of fully ordained bhikshus or bhikshunis, but it is incorrect to refer to them as “novices” in that many of them remain shramaneras throughout their lives without necessarily progressing to full ordination. [NLF, 2005] [GWPT, 2004]

śamatha

calm abiding, sustained calm, quiescence, tranquility, Shamatha

calme mental, calme continu*, quiétude, pacification mentale*, śamatha*, pacification stable*

śamatha, paz mental, permanecer em paz, calmo permanecer.

calma mentale (pratica della)

calma mental, śamatha,

The basis of all concentrations. "The distraction of the mind by other objects having been calmed (zhi), the mind stays (gnas) without wavering in concentration." DICT. [WOMPT, 1998] The basis of all concentrations, a calm, undistracted state of unwavering concentration. [TLWF, 2011] [NLF, 2005] [ZT, 2006][OMS, 2018] Essentially a concentration in which the mind remains unmoving on an object of focus. It is a state of calm abiding which though of great importance is itself incapable of overcoming ignorance and the conception of a self. See also Vipaśyanā. [TPQ, 2010] A calm, undistracted state of unwavering concentration, the basis of all concentrations. [NS]

acalā

immuable*, inamovible*

-

inamovibile, immutabile, stabile

égalité*

-

egualità

spontaneous presence, natural presence, spontaneous accomplishment

présence spontanée, spontanément présent *(avec kyis = naturellement), spontané*

presença espontânea**, realização espontânea*, espontaneamente

presenza spontanea

Concentration-absorption

-

concentrazione dell'assorbimento meditativo

neuf absorptions successives

-

nove stati successivi di assorbimento meditativo

the four types of meditative absorptions

quatre absorptions (du Sans-Forme)

quatro equanimidades meditativas

quattro assorbimenti meditativi

The single-pointed meditative absorptions within the four states of the formless realm, 1. ནམ་མཁའ་མཐའ་ཡས་སྐྱེ་མཆེད། ākāṡāntya samāpatti/ meditative absorption of infinite space 2. རྣམ་ཤེས་མཐའ་ཡས་སྐྱེ་མཆེད། vijñānāntya samāpatti/ meditative absorption of infinite consciousness 3. ཅི་ཡང་མེད་པའི་སྐྱེ་མཆེད། ākincanyāyatana samāpatti/ meditative absorbtion of nothingness 4. སྲིད་རྩེའི་སྙོམས་འཇུག་་ཡོད་མིན་མེད་མིན་སྐྱེ་མཆེད། bhavāgra samāpatti/ meditative absorption of the peб of existence, neither with perception nor without non-perception. [TSR]

nirodha-samāpatti, nirodhasamāpatti

Absorption of cessation

absorption/recueillement de cessation*, ataraxie de cessation*; recueillement méditatif où il n'est plus de pensée, où l'esprit est arrêté*, recueillement (ou absorption) de cessation

equanimidade meditativa da cessação

assrbimento della cessazione, assorbimento corrispondente alla cessazione

according to the Mahayana presentation, this is the absorption practiced by the Shravakas and Pratyekabuddhas as a means of gaining contentment in the course of their present existence. It involves the cessation of the sense consciousnesses and the defiled emotional consciousness. Bodhisattvas also enter this absorption, not, however, as an end in itself, but as a method of training in concentration. ["The absorption of the insensate and the formless gods and that of the cessation enjoyed by Shravakas and Pratyekabuddhas are similar in that both are characterized by a halting of the sense consciousnesses in the alaya, the fundamental level of the mind. They are, however, different in that the absorption of the insensate gods does not involve the cessation of the defiled emotional consciousness (nyon yid), whereas the cessation of the Shravakas and Pratyekabuddhas does. For this reason, ordinary beings can only enter the absorption of nonperception, while the absorption of cessation is the preserve of Shravakas and Pratyekabuddhas, practitioners of the Hinayana. Moreover, non-Buddhist traditions mistakenly regard the formless absorptions as liberation and train in them as their spiritual path. The Shravakas and Pratyekabuddhas enter the absorption of cessation for the sake of contentment during their present lifetime. Sublime Bodhisattvas, by contrast, may enter it as an expedient, simply as a means of training in concentration." [YG I, 188] P.441] [The eighth perfect freedom is the freedom of cessation, an experience possible for Aryas who have attained the four samadhis of form, together with the four formless absorptions, and who have arrested the seven consciousnesses together with all mental factors. For such beings, only the alaya is manifest. They can now abide in the absorption wherein there is neither perception nor feeling. Thus they abide in the absorption of cessation. . . . appendix 9 P.432] [TPQ, 2010]

asaṃjñi-samāpatti

absorption of nonperception

absorption méditative sans discernement*, égalisation méditative dénuée de perception*, recueillement sans conscience* , absorption dans l'absence de perceptions

equanimidade meditativa da não-percepção

assorbimento meditativo privo di percezioni

The absorption experienced by the insensate gods of the form realm and the gods of the formless realms. In this absorption, the sense consciousnesses are arrested although the defiled emotional consciousness (nyon yid) continues to function. [TPQ, 2010]