Termo
Tibetano:
འཁོར་ལོས་སྒྱུར་བའི་རྒྱལ་པོ , འཁོར་ལོ་སྒྱུར་བའི་རྒྱལ་པོ , འཁོར་ལོ་བསྒྱུར་བ , འཁོར་ལོ་སྒྱུར་བ
'khor los sgyur ba'i rgyal po , 'khor lo sgyur ba'i rgyal po , 'khor lo bsgyur ba , 'khor lo sgyur ba
Atenção: provisório – em revisão
Sânscrito:
चक्रवर्तिन्
cakravartin
Português:
cakravartin, monarca universal
O nome dado a um tipo de ser elevado, o qual tem domínio sobre uma parte, maior ou menor, do universo de três mil milhões de mundos. Ele é assim chamado porque é dito que possui uma poderosa arma em forma de roda de ouro, prata, cobre ou ferro, com a qual subjuga os seres dos quatro continentes. De acordo com a cosmologia tradicional, tais seres só aparecem quando o tempo de duração da vida humana ultrapassa os oitenta mil anos. Por analogia, a palavra é também usada como título para um grande rei ou imperador.
Inglês:
cakravartin, universal emperor
The wheel-turning king. The name given to a special kind of exalted being who has dominion over a greater or smaller part of the three-thousandfold universe, so called because he is said to possess a great wheel-shaped weapon with which he subdues his enemies. According to traditional cosmology, such beings appear only when the human life span surpasses eighty thousand years. By analogy, the word is also used as a title for a great king. [IMW, 2004]
A universal monarch, the name given to a special kind of exalted being who has dominion over a greater or lesser part of the three-thousandfold universe. According to traditional cosmology, such beings appear only when the human life span surpasses eighty thousand years. By analogy, the word is also used as a title for a great king. [TPQ, 2010]
(1) A king ruling over a world system; (2) an emperor. [TLWF, 2011][ZT, 2006]
An emperor who, with his golden, silver, copper, or iron wheel, has dominion over the beings of the four continents. Universal monarchs only appear in certain eras when the human life span is greater than eighty thousand years. [NLF, 2005][OMS, 2018][NS]
A universal king or "wheel-monarch," the name given to a special kind of exalted being who has dominion over a greater or smaller part of the three of the three thousand-fold universe, so called because he is said to possess a great wheel-shaped weapon with which he subdues his enemies. According to traditional cosmology, such beings appear only when the human life span surpasses eighty thousand years. By analogy, the word is also used as a title for a great king. [CMH, 2001]
Espanhol:
cakravartin, soberano universal
Un soberano que reina sobre el universo. Según la mitología budista, existen cuatro clases de cakravartin. El más poderoso tiene una rueda de oro que recorre los cuatro continentes alrededor del monte Meru, poniéndolos así bajo su autoridad. Luego están los soberanos que tienen ruedas de plata, cobre y de hierro, que les otorgan soberanía sobre tres, dos o un continente. Reinan durante periodos inmensos.[PMP, 2002]
Francês:
monarque universel, souverain à la roue*, Chakravartin, Souverain universel, cakravartin
« monarque universel », ou « souverain à la roue », titre d’un personnage de rang sublime qui exerce son empire sur une région plus ou moins importante du milliard de mondes correspondant à l’activité d’un bouddha. Ce nom vient d’une arme en forme de grande roue avec laquelle il soumet ses ennemis. Dans la cosmologie traditionnelle, ces souverains n’apparaissent que lorsque la vie humaine dépasse quatre-vingt mille ans. Par analogie, le mot désigne également les grands rois comme Ashoka. [PIE, 2002]
C’est un roi humain qui porte, mais de manière incomplète ou peu claire, la plupart des signes majeurs et mineurs qui ornent le corps des bouddhas. [SC, 2003]
souverain qui règne sur l’univers, de l’époque où les êtres humains vivent un nombre d’années incalculable jusqu’à celle où ils vivent 80 000 ans. [CGP, 1997]
souverain cosmique ou universel dominant une partie plus ou moins grande d'un univers d'un milliard de mondes. Selon la cosmologie traditionnelle, les êtres de cette envergure n'apparaissent que lorsque les êtres humains vivent quatre-vingt mille ans et plus. Le terme est employé par analogie pour désigner les grands rois. [TDPQ, 2009]
*CC [SPB, 2020][LD, 2017]
Italiano:
sovrano universale
1. colui che governa su un mondo; 2. imperatore.